Milk is a very important and essential commodity in the daily life of the human diet. Dairying has become a commercial enterprise. A wide range of producers undertakes this profession in both organized and unorganized sectors, which supply milk and milk products to the customers under several brand names.
Consumers in any production system play a vital role around which the whole system revolves with the rising income levels of the consumers and their changing tastes and preferences, the demand for milk are undergoing a change both in quantitative and qualitative.
In the earlier stage of dairy, firms were like; people produced milk and delivered raw milk to the consumer. But day by day consumers is getting smart. They demand the new product that’s why producers need to expand their business and launch a new product line. Producers need to collecting, processing and selling milk and milk products in packaged form with the promise of hygiene and quality.
Milk production areas in Bangladesh are Dhaka, Gajipur, Bogra, Natore, and Rangpur.
Here the names of some of the major companies in Bangladesh-
1. Bangladesh cooperative union limited (Milk Vita)
2. Pran dairy
3. Aarong dairy
4. Igloo dairy
5. Aftab milk and milk products Ltd.
6. Rangpur dairy and food products Ltd.
Consumption and production:
|
Per capita need
|
Per capita availability
|
Total need (year)
|
Total production (year)
|
Total deficit (year)
|
|
250 ml/day
|
33.95 ml/day
|
9.855 mmt
(100%) |
1.338 mmt
(13.58%) |
8.517 mmt
(86.42%) |
Mmt= million metric ton
source: Alam J (1994)
source: Alam J (1994)
The deficit in production is met bulk imports of milk powder, mainly from Australia, New Zealand, Holland, Denmark, and Poland.
The quantity of powdered milk imported by Bangladesh during the last few years is shown in the following table.
|
Year
|
Quantity (Metric Ton)
|
Taka (In millions)
|
|
1985-86
|
64.821
|
1,828
|
|
1986-87
|
69.640
|
2,067
|
|
1987-88
|
66.000
|
2,120
|
|
1988-89
|
70.000
|
3,200
|
|
1989-90
|
72.000
|
4,100
|
|
1990-91
|
73.000
|
4,300
|
|
1991-92
|
75.000
|
4,500
|
Source: Livestock Dictionary, 1992-93.
The production system in Bangladesh:
The four major dairy production systems are followed in Bangladesh. These are-
1. Traditional dairy production system: This system is characterized by small family farms in an integrated animal–crop production system. The average size of landholding is 0.05–2.49 acres. Family labor is the only source of labor.
Nearly 40% of the country’s milk production comes from this system (DLS, 2010).
Farmers mainly use the traditional market to sell their milk directly to neighbors or to consumers in the nearby market.
Nearly 40% of the country’s milk production comes from this system (DLS, 2010).
Farmers mainly use the traditional market to sell their milk directly to neighbors or to consumers in the nearby market.
2. Extensive dairy production system: The extensive dairy production system is practiced mainly by market-oriented dairy farmers operating on a small, medium or large scale with a greater area of land (2.5–7.5 acres) than in the traditional system. The major objective is to produce marketable milk. Average milk production varies from 600 to 800 liters per lactation. The labor is provided partly from the family but is partly hired labor – a key difference from traditional production.
The farmers are linked either to cooperatives or to a private processor, although marketing milk through traditional channels is well accepted.
The farmers are linked either to cooperatives or to a private processor, although marketing milk through traditional channels is well accepted.
3. Intensive dairy production systems: The driving force for the intensification of dairying in the country is the rapidly decreasing availability of agricultural land. Farmers sell 85% of the milk produced, and the remaining 15% is used for family consumption, especially for children. The success of this dairy production system is closely related to the efficient use of available support services.
4. Bathan production system: The bathan-based production system is unique to Bangladesh and is practiced only by cooperative dairy farmers. It is formed from a natural aggregation and concentration of smallholder dairy units in two of the northern districts, Sirajgonj and Pabna. Approximately 68% of the animals in Pabna and Sirajgonj districts are reared under the bathan system and 32% are reared in the non-bathan system (Islam et al, 2010). The average milk production varies from 1,200 to 1800 liters per cow per lactation.
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